• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention belongs to the technical field of tea plantation tillage and conditioning and relates in particular to a method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil. This procedure will be used in mid-March. First, flat tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 40 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 40 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100-120 kg / mu pumice stone powder. For the first ten days in July, medium tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 50 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 80 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100 kg / mu organic fertilizer. In the last ten days of October, deep tillage along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants is carried out after applying 150 kg / m organic fertilizer, 80 kg / m carbon fertilizer and 75-100 kg / m organic bentonite. The invention can effectively improve water permeability, water storage, and air permeability of the soil, and ultimately realize the effective improvement in soil texture and tillage performance.
    公开号:BE1026283B1
    申请号:E20195187
    申请日:2019-03-25
    公开日:2020-04-22
    发明作者:Yejun Wang；Youjian Su；Yongli Zhang；Yulong Sun；Yi Luo；Wanyou Liao
    申请人:Tea Res Institute Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    A method to improve the tillage ability of
    Tea plantation soil
    description
    Technical part
    The invention belongs to the technical field of tea plantation soil cultivation and conditioning and relates in particular to a method for improving the soil cultivation ability of tea plantation soil.
    Background technology
    Tea is a kind of perennial crop, and tea planting is traditional. The traditional methods of planting tea lead to a long-term simplification of the planting structure of tea, which leads to a deterioration of the tillage ability in tea plantations. Years of flat tillage or non-tillage leads to a reduction in soil porosity, an increase in bulk density and a gradual consolidation of the surface layer. At the same time, a hard plow floor forms under the tillage layer, which hinders the root system of the tea trees in depth and the normal penetration of rainwater. It will also seriously hinder the smooth exchange of water, fertilizer, air, heat and above ground in the deep soil. This leads to cohesion, cohesiveness, workability, strong consistency and great tensile resistance of the soil in tea plantations, which leads to poor tillage ability, nutrient loss and low efficiency in fertilizer use. Considering the
    BE2019 / 5187
    Deterioration of tillage in tea plantations needs a technical measure to improve it
    Soil cultivation ability to be established in tea plantations.
    Content of the invention
    The aim of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the above existing techniques and to provide a convenient method of improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil, which can effectively improve water permeability, water storage and air permeability of the soil, and effectively improve soil texture and tillage performance can ultimately realize.
    To solve the above objects, the invention offers the following technical solution:
    A method for improving the soil cultivation ability of tea plantation soil is characterized in that it takes place in three stages:
    The first stage: mid-March. First, flat tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 40 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 40 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100-120 kg / mu pumice stone powder, and then the next step begins.
    The second stage: the first ten days in July. The middle tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after 50 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 80 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100 kg / mu
    BE2019 / 5187 organic fertilizer are applied, and then the third stage is initiated.
    The third stage: in the last ten days in October. Deep tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 80 kg / mu of carbon fertilizer and 75-100 kg / mu of organic bentonite.
    In the so-called compound fertilizer, the ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 25: 8: 12.
    Carbon fertilizers are calculated at 100% by weight, of which (N + P2O5 + K2O)> 10%, organic matter> 42% and moisture <5%.
    In the first phase, the depth of the flat tillage is
    10-15 cm; In the second stage the depth of the medium tillage is 16-20 cm and in the third stage the depth of the deep tillage is 21-25 cm.
    The so-called organic fertilizer is rapeseed cake fertilizer.
    More than 90% of the pumice stone powder particles have to pass through a 100 mesh sieve.
    The advantageous effects of the present invention are:
    1). Carbon fertilizers play an important role in the decomposition and synthesis of humus by microorganisms in the soil. No carbon fertilizer can be applied to the surface of mineral soil, which means that the mineral soil particles can form fragmented aggregates more easily
    BE2019 / 5187 the soil becomes softer and no longer hard, which improves permeability, water retention, air permeability and soil cultivation ability. At the same time, because the adhesive force of organic soil is less than half the cohesion, the use of organic fertilizer has a good influence on the regulation of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and ultimately improves the tillage ability. Soil with a well-structured soil layer can benefit the development of the plant root system, which promotes the development of the biological system in the soil, increases the proportion of soil porosity, improves soil infiltration and improves water storage capacity.
    Due to the porous nature of biomass coal, the use of carbon fertilizers in tea plantations can reduce the bulk density of the soil, improve water retention in the soil, improve soil ventilation and provide suitable breeding grounds for soil-useful microorganisms. Carbon fertilizer mixed with bentonite and pumice powder can promote decomposition of organic matter, improve the ability of soil fertilizer supply, and the combination with chemical fertilizers can reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. At the same time, the effective porosity and swellable distribution of the soil are increased, and the drought resistance and moisture retention are improved to improve the soil texture and tillage performance.
    BE2019 / 5187
    Description of the pictures
    Table 1 is a comparison table of the physical properties of the soil obtained by two treatments in the test area after three years of continuous testing in Embodiment 1.
    Table 2 is a comparison table of the chemical properties of the soil obtained by two treatments in the test area after three years of continuous testing in Embodiment 1.
    Table 3 is a comparison table of the effects of five treatments on tea yield and bud and leaf density in the test area after 3 years of continuous testing in Embodiment 2.
    Table 4 is a comparison table of the effects of five treatments on the proportion of tea buds and leaves in the test area after 3 years of continuous testing in Embodiment 2.
    Specific embodiments
    For ease of understanding, the specific structure and operation of the present invention are described herein in connection with Tables 1 through 4 as follows:
    Embodiment 1
    Test start time: In 2012;
    Participants in the test: Shizipu tea house in Langxi District in the
    Anhui Province;
    Age of tea planting in the soil: 25 years;
    Treatment: It is divided into two treatments, i.e. tillage according to this method and traditional tillage.
    BE2019 / 5187
    Processing process:
    1) . Traditional tillage method: In the traditional way, fertilizer is regularly applied to the bottom of the tea line, supplemented by mechanical tillage.
    2). This procedure: In the middle of March, 40 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 40 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100 kg / mu pumice powder are applied along the dripping water of a tea line and then the flat tillage is carried out mechanically. In the first ten days in July, 50 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 80 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100 kg / mu organic fertilizer are applied along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants and then the middle tillage is carried out mechanically. In the last ten days in October, 150 kg / m organic fertilizer, 80 kg / m carbon fertilizer and 80 kg / m organic bentonite are applied along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants and then deep tillage is carried out mechanically.
    Implementation effect:
    Three years later, the results showed that the physical structure of the soil in the test area has changed significantly. As shown in Table 1, the total porosity of the soil treated according to this method in the present invention increased by 6.7% compared to the area with traditional tillage, the bulk density of the soil decreased by 11.1% and the field water holding capacity increased 6.5%. The compactness of the soil decreased significantly and that
    BE2019 / 5187
    Permeability of the soil is improved. Table 2 also shows that soil nutrients have changed significantly, soil organic matter by 18.2%, alkali lysed nitrogen by 14.8%, CEC by 15.3% and pH of the soil have a slight, slightly increased difference.
    Embodiment 2
    Test start time: In 2013;
    Participants in the test: Shizipu tea house in Langxi District in the
    Anhui Province;
    Treatment: specialty tea (SF), organic fertilizer + NPK (ORF), biochar + NPK (BIO) and biochar-based carbon fertilizer (BF) compared to traditional fertilization (CK).
    Processing process:
    According to the control standard of 24 kg pure N per year and mu:
    1) . Specialty tea (N: P2O5: K2O = 24: 6: 10);
    2). Organic fertilizer + NPK (N: P2O5: K2O = 24: 6: 6);
    3). Biochar + NPK (N: P2O5: K2O = 24: 6: 10);
    4). Carbon fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 24: 6: 10).
    The fertilizer types are N 46% urea, P2O5 12%
    Calcium superphosphate and K2O 50% potassium sulfate. Biochar is mainly made from granulated bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer from rapeseed cake. All treatments had the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. In this test, three replicas are created and the test is randomly arranged in the field. Biochar is sprayed evenly into the fertilizer ditch and then through
    BE2019 / 5187 mechanical tillage mixed with soil. In the comparison area, 15 cm deep and shallow trenches are opened between the rows of tea plants, then the soil is mechanically plowed and covered.
    Implementation effect: The results of the test after three years of testing are shown in Table 3-4. Compared to specialty fertilizers and conventional fertilizers, the treatment of biochar and carbon-based fertilizers can effectively reduce the bulk density of the soil, increase capillary porosity and increase the field water retention capacity. Biochar and organic fertilizer treatments had a similar proportion of mechanical picking buds and leaves, better tenderness of buds and leaves, a lower proportion of individual leaves and fragments, which was more suitable in mechanical tea plantations.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. A method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil is characterized by three stages:
    The first stage: mid-March. First, flat tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 40 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 40 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100-120 kg / mu pumice stone powder, and then the next step begins.
    The second stage: the first ten days in July. The middle tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 50 kg / mu compound fertilizer, 80 kg / mu carbon fertilizer and 100 kg / mu organic fertilizer, and then the third stage is initiated.
    The third stage: in the last ten days in October. Deep tillage is carried out along the dripping water between the rows of tea plants after applying 150 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 80 kg / mu of carbon fertilizer and 75-100 kg / mu of organic bentonite.
    [2]
    2. A method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ratio of N: P2O5: K2O in the compound fertilizer is 25: 8: 12.
    [3]
    3. A method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that
    BE2019 / 5187 that carbon fertilizer is calculated by 100 wt .-%, where (N + P2O5 + K2O)> 10%, organic matter> 42%, and moisture <5%.
    [4]
    4. A method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is thereby
    [5]
    5. A method of improving tillage ability
    10 of tea plantation soil according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is rapeseed cake fertilizer.
    5 characterized that the depth of the flat tillage in the first stage is 10-15 cm and the depth of the middle
    Soil cultivation in the second stage is 16-20 cm and the depth of deep tillage in the third stage is 21-25 cm.
    [6]
    6. A method for improving the tillage ability of tea plantation soil according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is characterized in that more than 90% of the pumice powder particles have to pass a 10015 mesh sieve.
    BE2019 / 5187
    Editing Total porosity Capillary porosity Bulk density Field water retention ung t (%) t (%) (g / cm 3 ) capacity (%)
    Convention
    Proceed
    n 42.54 ± 2.00b 36.20 ± 2.14b 1.52 ± 0.05a 24.60 ± 2.40b This Proceed n 45.38 ± 1.24a 39.16 ± 1.84a 1.35 ± 0.17a 26.19 ± 1.75a
    Table 1
    Processing Organic substance (g / kg) Alkaline hydrolyzednitrogen(mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) AvailablePotassium (mg / kg) CEC (cmol / kg) pH(H2O) ConventionellesProceed 7.98 ± 1.0 n 16.12 ± 1.00 84.96 ± 3.11 30.12 ± 2.40 65.74 ± 9.85 5 4.05 ± 0.16 ThisProceed 9.20 ± 2.0 n 19.06 ± 1.17 97.59 ± 4.96 45.52 ± 6.53 79.30 ± 8.50 0 4.17 ± 0.08
    Table 2
    Processing Yield (kg / hectare) Bud and leaf density (number / m 2 ) CK 1,610 795 SF 2,019 1,378 ORF 1,895 1,484 ORGANIC 2,293 1,692 BF 1,744 1,350
    Table 3
    Processing One bud and two leaves(%) One bud and three leaves(%) One bud and four leaves(%) One bud and five leaves(%) Individual sheets and fragments (%) CK 10.2 28.1 32.6 24.3 4.8 BF 8.5 27.3 31.5 26.0 6.7 ORGANIC 9.6 30.9 27.3 26.8 5.4 ORF 12.5 30.7 29.6 22.7 4.5 SF 15.4 31.2 29.8 18.5 5.1
    Table 4
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026283A9|2020-03-30|
    BE1026283A1|2019-12-10|
    CN108738455A|2018-11-06|
    引用文献:
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    CN105145226A|2015-07-03|2015-12-16|安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所|Tea garden simplification cultivation management method|
    CN107141169A|2017-05-17|2017-09-08|安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所|A kind of special Eco-fertilizer in tea place and preparation method thereof|
    JP3247892B1|2000-11-15|2002-01-21|静岡県|Tea garden improvement method and apparatus|
    CN101818067B|2010-04-16|2012-06-13|石河子大学|Biological carbon soil conditioner and preparation method thereof|
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    CN103749120B|2013-12-30|2016-04-27|黄山市洪通农业科技有限公司|Improve the method for soil fertility of mountain tea garden|
    CN106550640A|2016-11-17|2017-04-05|华侨大学|It is a kind of to improve tea garden soil and improve the cultural method of tea leaf quality|
    CN106717428A|2017-02-14|2017-05-31|重庆市农业科学院|The tea garden fertilizing method that a kind of organic fertilizer is arranged in pairs or groups with composite fertilizer|
    CN107686429A|2017-07-31|2018-02-13|浙江农林大学|One kind contains the organic agriculture dedicated fertilizer and its manufacture method of plant charcoal |
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    法律状态:
    2020-05-04| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200422 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201810521771.3A|CN108738455A|2018-05-28|2018-05-28|A kind of tea garden soil tilth modification method|
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